Sadler's Wells invites global dance artists aged 18+ to propose a Dance on Screen film of up to four minutes. Three £6,000 commissions; deadline November 22, 2026. Three commissions for dance made for the screen Sadler’s Wells Digital Stage has launched The Future Remembers, an open call for three original short dance films. Each commission is worth £6,000 and comes with production support from the organization's team. Applications close at midnight on November 22, 2026, and the resulting films are due to premiere during the Sadler's Wells Dance Digital Film Festival in November 2027. Who can apply? Dance artists of any style aged 18 or above can apply individually or as a collective or company. The call explicitly welcomes international participants, and films may be shot anywhere in the world. This is a creative commissioning call for new work, not merely an entry to the Dance Digital Film Festival's separate film-selection programme. Work specifications and creative direction Selected projects should become Dance on Screen films no longer than four minutes, conceived specifically for viewing on a screen. Proposals should respond to the theme of what the future will remember—legacy, responsibility, memory and the consequences of present-day choices. Applicants need to outline their artistic idea and demonstrate how dance and filmmaking will work together. Understanding the £6,000 commission The £6,000 is the full total for each commission, regardless of how many people are in the creative team. External filmmakers, equipment hire and other project costs must be covered within that amount. Sadler’s Wells can provide producing and some editing assistance depending on availability. Successful applicants start developing their commissions in January 2027, following December interviews. About Sadler's Wells and applying Sadler’s Wells is a major London dance organisation operating stages and a Digital Stage platform for dance films, documentaries and performance video. Its official site links the application form and previous commissioned films, allowing prospective artists to evaluate the programme before applying. Verified October 22, 2026. Organizer's official call and application https://www.sadlerswells.com/digital-stage/commission-the-future-remembers/

Amsterdam Light Festival Edition 16 (2027–28) invites light-art proposals worldwide by December 7, 2026 23:59 CET. General international call differs from Netherlands-only Amarte. Ideas that illuminate Amsterdam's canals Amsterdam Light Festival invites artists and creative professionals worldwide to propose light artworks for Edition 16, planned for winter 2027–28. The festival seeks works capable of engaging viewers along Amsterdam’s canals. Proposals for new commissions are especially welcome, but the organizer also considers existing works if they fit the site and curatorial direction. Deadline and required submission process The international Open Call closes December 7, 2026 at 23:59 Central European Time. Before submitting, artists must download the official Artist Briefing. This briefing links to the required submission template and the submission portal and contains practical requirements, selection criteria and further dates. The portal, not a simple email to the festival, is the intended route. Do not confuse two separate application paths The site advertises a general international Open Call and an “Open Call X Amarte.” The general pathway invites creatives from around the world. The Amarte-supported pathway, however, is specifically restricted to practitioners based in the Netherlands who are new to light art and focuses on a new work for walking visitors. Choosing the wrong route may make an otherwise strong international application ineligible. What kinds of work fit? Concepts may combine light, sculpture, public-space intervention, technology and installation design. Because the work will be shown in busy outdoor canal-side settings, applicants should consider feasibility, weather resistance, installation logistics, visitor interaction and safety. Budgets and production obligations must be checked against the official briefing rather than guessed. About the festival Amsterdam Light Festival is an annual public light-art event that animates the city's canal landscape and works with international creators. The 2027–28 open call is for its sixteenth edition. Information checked October 22, 2026. Organizer's official call and application https://amsterdamlightfestival.com/en/open-call

QUANTUM Curatorial Fellowship 2026 invites Indian nationals based in India to curate an interdisciplinary exhibition. Apply by Oct 27; fellowship Nov 2026–Mar 2027. An India-restricted curatorial opportunity Science Gallery Bengaluru invites emerging curators and curatorial collectives of Indian nationality who are based in India to apply for its QUANTUM Curatorial Fellowship. Artists, researchers and cultural practitioners working across disciplines may also be eligible. The application period ends on October 27, 2026. What selected practitioners will do The fellow will develop a companion exhibition responding to quantum physics and themes such as uncertainty, measurement, observation and emerging technologies. The fellowship runs from November 2026 to March 2027; production and installation follow in April–June 2027, with a public exhibition opening on June 5, 2027. Mentorship and collaboration Interdisciplinary artist Moonis Ahmad Shah will mentor the fellow. The role involves research, work with the Science Gallery's programmes and curatorial teams, possible collaboration with researchers, and producing a proposal that can be realized within the available resources. The call does not state a guaranteed personal cash award, so applicants should request financial details directly if needed. Who organizes it? Science Gallery Bengaluru is part of the international Science Gallery network. Its exhibitions connect art, research and public engagement; the ongoing QUANTUM programme provides the context for this fellowship. Selection timeline The stated interview dates are November 6–7, 2026. Applicants should check the organizer's application form for mandatory documents and detailed conditions, and not interpret this as open to international artists living elsewhere. Information verified October 22, 2026. Official announcement and application https://bengaluru.sciencegallery.com/work-with-us-open-calls/quantum-curatorial-fellowship

Taos Film Festival in New Mexico, United States, is receiving submissions for its second annual edition, scheduled for 29 April through 2 May 2027. The regular application deadline is 1 November 2026. In addition to conventional narrative and documentary work, its published categories explicitly welcome experimental short films, animated shorts and features, and international films. Unlike many festivals, Taos states that it has no blanket restriction on production date, so a previously completed film may qualify if it meets the other rules. Experimental, animation and international sections The Taos Film Festival programmes narrative shorts and features, documentary shorts and features, an experimental short category, international shorts and features, and animation shorts and features. The experimental category can be relevant for artists working with moving-image installation, collage, abstract footage or nontraditional editing, provided their submitted piece functions as a film under the rules. Animation projects should be entered under the appropriate animated format rather than an unrelated regular narrative class. The official organiser page links to detailed individual rules for each section. Deadline schedule and submission platform The regular deadline is 1 November 2026, followed by a final deadline on 15 December 2026 and a separate extended window through 15 January 2027. The early window closed on 1 August. Submission fees vary by category and deadline, and residents or productions based mainly in New Mexico may qualify for discounts; the exact current amounts and codes appear in the festival's FilmFreeway rules. Before submitting, read all restrictions on previous screenings, online availability, subtitles and accessibility, and ensure the preview link will remain active throughout judging. Festival locations, selection and costs Notifications are planned for 1 March 2027, with screenings from 29 April to 2 May. Organisers list Taos Center for the Arts, Harwood Museum of Art and WildFlower Playhouse among their principal venues. These are cultural settings rather than a purely online contest. International creators should not assume airfare, US visas or accommodation are covered by their entry fee, and should budget separately for any physical appearance or delivery of exhibition-quality copies. Who organises Taos Film Festival? Taos Film Festival is presented as a project of the Taos Center for the Arts, a local cultural organisation with film and performing arts programming. The official submission page gives the festival timetable, venue context and the direct FilmFreeway application link. This is the second annual festival, so its track record should not be described as if it were a long-established 30-year award. Applicants can assess previous edition programming before committing their fee. Official organiser guidelines and application https://taosff.org/submit/ Information checked on 22 October 2026. Reconfirm deadlines, fees, eligibility and rights on the current official page before entering.

International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) has opened up to five additional places in Rotterdam Lab 2027, its film-producer development workshop, with applications due on 26 October 2026 at 23:59 CEST as stated in the first-party call. This route is not open equally to every international producer: it targets people based in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, or eligible lower-film-production-capacity European countries not already covered by a Rotterdam Lab partner programme. Applicants must have produced at least two shorts and be developing their first or second feature with international coproduction ambitions. The regional and professional restrictions matter A producer based in a major high-production European market cannot automatically join through this particular open call. Eligible groups include Africa and MENA, plus specified European low-production-capacity territories that have no existing partner route; the IFFR rules give examples and note that consortium nominations affect eligibility. Applicants should have actually produced at least two short films and be actively preparing a first or second feature. Freelancers, independent company heads and junior company producers can apply. There is no published age ceiling; international experience and a credible need for networking are central selection factors. What the six-day laboratory offers Rotterdam Lab is one of the IFFR Pro industry training initiatives and has worked with producers and film-industry organisations for many editions. Selected applicants join professional sessions on international coproduction, film financing, marketing, sales, festivals and distribution alongside the CineMart project market. Benefits include participation in the workshop, six nights of hotel accommodation and IFFR CineMart industry accreditation. The accreditation covers various meetings, industry meals and networking events, with access to up to 20 festival screenings as described by the organiser. Travel costs are not included IFFR explicitly says that travel to and from Rotterdam is not reimbursed through this open call. The selected producer must therefore finance air or land travel, visa arrangements, travel insurance and expenses outside the included hotel and programme. A formal invitation can be provided if required for visa processing. Since this is a professional-development selection rather than a commissioning fund, applicants should not expect direct film-production grants or a guaranteed distribution contract merely because they are chosen. Application paperwork and a trusted source Complete the application form linked on the official IFFR website before 26 October. Attach an up-to-date academic and professional CV and a thoughtful motivation letter explaining the producer's goals, experience and international network needs. A supplementary dossier of no more than four pages is optional. The 2027 Rotterdam Lab forms part of IFFR, one of the established international festivals and co-production markets. Use only the iffr.com application link, and verify the cutoff timezone if you are applying from a distant region. Official organiser guidelines and application https://iffr.com/en/blog-rotterdam-lab-2027-open-call Information checked on 22 October 2026. Reconfirm deadlines, fees, eligibility and rights on the current official page before entering.

The Jaipur International Film Festival (JIFF) has opened a dedicated World AI Cinema Competition for its 19th festival, scheduled for 8–12 January 2027 in Jaipur, India. Filmmakers and digital storytellers from any continent may submit AI shorts, features, documentaries, animation, experimental work, music videos, AI-assisted cinema, scripts and related innovation categories. Submissions remain open through an extended deadline of 15 November 2026 and a final deadline of 5 December 2026. It is a paid competition, and entry costs depend on both the work's category and the submission stage. The new World AI Cinema programme JIFF describes the initiative as a place to examine creativity and filmmaking methods that use artificial intelligence, including works developed collaboratively by people and generative systems. Listed classes include AI Feature, AI Short, AI Documentary, AI Animation, AI Experimental, AI Music Video, AI Student, AI-Assisted Film, AI Screenplay and AI Innovation. The organiser says the AI competition is open across languages, genres and film lengths; the appropriate technical standards and category definitions still need to be verified for each submission. Applicants should openly disclose processes and confirm their right to use images, audio, voice and performer likenesses. Important published fee examples The official JIFF deadline table advertises an extended-stage feature-film fee of INR 7,500 or US$150 and the same in the final window. For the general short-film and creative categories, the published extended/final example is INR 3,000 or US$60. AI-specific subcategories may be grouped with different forms, so a maker must confirm the precise currency and current fee for the chosen category on the actual entry screen. Do not assume an AI screenplay or music-video entry necessarily costs the same as a feature film. JIFF does not promise free submissions. Dates, judging and what the awards mean The published extended deadline is 15 November and the final deadline 5 December 2026, in advance of the 8–12 January 2027 festival. The organisers describe jury evaluation and nomination lists for competition and awards; submission itself guarantees neither a screening nor a prize. The headline maximum festival prize figures are subject to supporting funding conditions and should not be treated as guaranteed cash payouts for an individual AI-film category. Artists should confirm expected digital file delivery, subtitles, rights licences and on-site attendance obligations before entering. Festival background and safe payment route JIFF is an India-based international film festival that has expanded over many editions, and its 2027 programme also connects to film-market and industry networking activities. The official jiffindia.org pages publish deadlines, separate entry forms for feature, short and AI/music categories, and organiser contact details. Follow only the designated entry links from the festival's first-party site, double-check any currency conversion and keep payment receipts and accepted rules. Official organiser guidelines and application https://jiffindia.org/ Information checked on 22 October 2026. Reconfirm deadlines, fees, eligibility and rights on the current official page before entering.

Realities in Transition 2, supported by Creative Europe, is recruiting three artists to develop a shared extended-reality (XR) artwork through a residency hosted by Beta Festival in Ireland. Applications for the fourth round, 'Relational Realities', close on 10 November 2026 at 23:59 Central European time as listed by the organiser. Each selected artist receives a €15,000 grant. This is not a worldwide remote fellowship: applicants must be permanent residents of an EU Member State or another country formally associated with the Creative Europe programme. A collective XR artwork, not three individual commissions The six-month March–August 2027 residency explores relationships between human, artificial and more-than-human intelligence, including ecology, interdependence and the social effects of technical infrastructure. Three participating artists will collaborate with a creative technologist on a single XR work. A two-month on-site period in Ireland is scheduled for May–June, with a public Test Lab in June and a Beta Festival showcase planned in November. Candidates should be comfortable with collaborative decision-making, testing and shared authorship. Eligibility: residency and administrative checks Applicants must be at least 18, speak and write English proficiently, be able to work and travel in Europe, and be able to invoice for grant payments. They must have permanent residence in the EU or a participating Creative Europe country; the organisers list certain non-EU countries separately. Former RiT1 grant recipients and consortium staff are ineligible. The application includes a CV, portfolio, video of at most two minutes, examples of technical and collaborative experience, and a budget proposal. An artist's passport nationality alone does not replace the permanent-residence condition. Understand what the €15,000 pays for Each selected artist receives €15,000 across three instalments: €7,000 on signing, €4,000 after the Test Lab, and €4,000 at completion. The amount covers artist remuneration, travel, accommodation and living expenses during the programme; it should not be described as €15,000 plus unlimited expenses. The host separately manages a collective artwork production budget of up to €5,000 and provides mentoring and technical help. Payments require suitable invoices and may involve VAT rules. Organisers and trusted application method Realities in Transition is a partnership of European XR and media-art institutions; Beta Festival hosts this particular call in Ireland. Its 2027 programme documents the selection stages, individual grants, geographic eligibility and group-production model. Follow the official 'Apply here' form from the RiT page, and check exact deadlines, tax eligibility and residency documents before submitting. Official organiser rules and application https://www.realities-in-transition.eu/rit-2-open-call-4/ Information reviewed 22 October 2026. Before applying, check the current official deadlines, eligibility, fees and rights conditions.

Oulu's CreArt 3.0 partners have issued a short-notice call for a funded immersive-media-art residency at the new Museum and Science Centre Tiima. One artist receives €3,500 or an interdisciplinary duo receives €6,400 in total, alongside travel, accommodation and daily allowances. Applications close on 1 November 2026 at 23:59 Central European time. Eligibility is narrow: applicants must be born, live or professionally work in named CreArt partner cities or qualify through specified partner organisations—not simply be any international digital artist. A residency to prototype Deep Space art Selected artists work in Oulu from 16 November through 17 December 2026, developing an artwork concept and a working prototype for Visio, the new venue's wall-and-floor immersive projection environment based on Ars Electronica Deep Space technology. The theme, 'We Are All Role Models', explores inclusion, intergenerational learning, community and belonging. The expected outcome is a thoughtful proposal with a demo, audience-interaction plan and technical concept, not necessarily a finished permanent installation. A 5–7-minute audiovisual or interactive work is one suggested direction. The strict geography rule The listed eligible cities include Valladolid, Aveiro, Lublin, Skopje, Kaunas, Rouen, Clermont-Ferrand, Venice, Liepāja, České Budějovice and Regensburg. Specific Croatian, Ukrainian, Austrian and UK partner organisations also qualify under separate provisions. Artists outside those categories should not assume they are eligible on EU nationality alone. A duo must explain the complementary roles of its members and confirm organisational connections as required by the call. Prepare one English-language application PDF The application includes a 2–3-page concept; a one-page technical approach; a residency workplan; CV and links to up to three portfolio pieces; motivation to work in Oulu; and identification. Duos explain how tasks are divided. An English-language single PDF is required. Proposed community participation should take informed consent and participant wellbeing seriously. Entries are filed through the CreArt official platform; the organisers indicate selection on 2–3 November and notification on 4 November. Funding, organiser and what is not covered The European CreArt network and the City of Oulu operate this artist-exchange programme with the Tiima/Visio team. The award provides a defined artist fee, transportation to Oulu, lodging, allowances, production guidance and limited access to the venue; any later full installation needs a separate budget and agreement. The organiser's first-party page specifies financial amounts, partner eligibility, individual contact people, technical resources and the authentic submission route. Official organiser rules and application https://creart2-eu.org/creart-news/creart-3-0-open-call-we-are-all-role-models-immersive-media-art-residency-at-museum-and-science-centre-tiima-oulu-finland Information reviewed 22 October 2026. Before applying, check the current official deadlines, eligibility, fees and rights conditions.

Fotofestiwal in Łódź, Poland, has opened the international Open Program 2027 for photography and wider visual projects. Artists and collectives of any age can apply through 30 November 2026. Six proposals will be selected for exhibition at the June 2027 festival. The call charges €15 per submitted project (up to two per artist), but its artist-support package is substantial: €1,000 artist fee, limited travel reimbursement and exhibition production assistance. Who can submit and what qualifies The organiser seeks distinctive photographic or visual projects with strong creative perspectives on the contemporary world. The call is unrestricted in subject matter and age and welcomes collective proposals. The focus is the artist's visual project and its potential to become a professional exhibition; it is not limited to a single photographic print or a prescribed contest theme. Each artist may propose a maximum of two separate projects, each judged by the international panel. Full breakdown of the support and fee Each of the six selected artists or teams receives a €1,000 artist fee, accommodation during the principal opening weekend, travel reimbursement of up to €300 and up to €600 for exhibition production or transport of artwork. These are caps, not guarantees that every bill will be reimbursed. Applying costs €15 per project. Artists who cannot afford the fee may ask the organiser for a justified waiver via its official open-call email. A separate opportunity to join the FUTURES European photography platform can arise through the festival's nominations. Application, selection and calendar Submissions opened 1 October and close 30 November 2026. Proposals are submitted through Picter, linked from Fotofestiwal's own website; applicants should review the current image requirements, rights declarations and project presentation fields there. Selection results are planned for 25 January 2027, with the display taking place in June 2027. Assess shipping, installation and arrival costs carefully if proposing a large-format media installation. About the organiser Fotofestiwal is an established international photography festival in Łódź that has hosted exhibitions, curatorial events, portfolio reviews and international collaborations. Its 2027 jury includes curators and publishers working in photography and visual culture. The main festival page publishes the jury, fee waiver contact, Picter application portal and exact financial breakdown for independent verification. Official organiser rules and application https://fotofestiwal.com/2026/en/open-program-2027/ Information reviewed 22 October 2026. Before applying, check the current official deadlines, eligibility, fees and rights conditions.

The Projects – International section of Rotterdam Photo 2027 is receiving photography and image-led art proposals from around the world until 4 November 2026. Photographers and visual storytellers aged 16 or older may apply, whether emerging or established. The 2027 theme is 'Vibrance – The Pulse of a Living World', inviting interpretations of movement, social energy, bodies, cities and digital intensity. The current standard fee is €35 for each project; a €29 early-bird offer ended on 7 September. What the International Projects category is for Applications may present documentary, conceptual, experimental or interdisciplinary image-based work. Selected projects are exhibited in individual spaces inside the festival's distinctive shipping-container village in central Rotterdam. The work needs strong artistic content and a practical way to occupy a public exhibition space. The jury considers originality, concept, relationship to Vibrance and spatial presentation suitability; photographic subject matter is not otherwise confined to a single technique or geographic location. Deadline, fee and separate grants The standard submission fee after 7 September 2026 is €35 per project, and the deadline is 4 November. Artists may submit to multiple Rotterdam Photo categories, each reviewed independently. This International Projects call is distinct from 'Rotterdam Photo x Amarte' Dutch Talent Project Grants, which is restricted to eligible Netherlands-based practitioners and has separate funding rules. Do not mistake winning a Project selection for automatic receipt of the Dutch grants. Exhibition exposure and practical expenses The festival advertises a dedicated exhibition area, exposure to international curators, galleries, media and visitors, artist networking and inclusion in official programming. Artists retain the opportunity to sell work without the festival taking a commission. The projects page does not promise a standard cash production stipend or full transport reimbursement, so costs for prints, shipping, insurance, installation and travel should be clarified before accepting a selection. Festival background and application safety Rotterdam Photo has staged prior editions in the city's art-week calendar and archives participating artists, exhibitions and partners. Its official website hosts different category pages, themes and committee information and links directly to Picter for project submission. Check the category name, current fee, deadline time and rights for public display before uploading. Official organiser rules and application https://rotterdamphoto.eu/open-calls/open-call-project/ Information reviewed 22 October 2026. Before applying, check the current official deadlines, eligibility, fees and rights conditions.

The City of Reno, Nevada, is requesting proposals for light-based public art during the 2027 Western Lights Festival, 18–20 February 2027. Eligible work includes projection mapping, illuminated installations, interactive digital pieces and performance with light technology. The application deadline is 30 November 2026, 11:00 p.m. Pacific time. The city has allocated US$35,000 across multiple projects, with individual proposals capped at US$6,500. Crucially, this is a regional call restricted to artists residing within 150 miles of Reno. Who qualifies: the 150-mile rule is mandatory Individual applicants or lead team members must be at least 18 and must live within 150 miles of Reno, typically in northern Nevada or northern California. The page welcomes artists of many backgrounds but does not remove this residency requirement. Teams can submit collaboratively under one application. Preference goes to projects with a realistic plan and demonstrated public-space installation experience. Artists based elsewhere in the United States or abroad should not invest time in a proposal without meeting the location restriction. Creative work and technical expectations Projects must feature light or illumination as a significant component. Suitable concepts may involve projection mapping, interactive digital installations, illuminated sculpture, wearable lights for performance, or audience-participation environments. Works should withstand outdoor winter conditions, be safe to walk around, and provide credible setup and takedown plans. The city favours existing projects for budget reasons but also considers new work. An applicant must plan electrical, weather, insurance, equipment and transport requirements. Budget is a ceiling, not a prize paid on entry The Western Lights programme has a total budget of US$35,000 to fund several installations. A project may request no more than US$6,500, covering fabrication, design as appropriate, the artist's fee, insurance, travel, technical equipment and installation costs. Selection and the actual commission amount depend on feasibility and funding; the amount is not an automatic award for a successful form submission. Applicants provide a work concept, image references, itemised budget, experience statement and artist biographies via the official Submittable portal. Government organiser and safe submission Reno Arts & Culture operates the call for this publicly accessible city-centre festival and publishes the residency limit, production specifications and budget policy on a City of Reno-branded Submittable application. Use that link through Reno's municipal online account, review the detailed guidelines and keep written confirmation of any contract terms and insurance requirements before building a new installation. Official organiser rules and application https://cityofrenoartscultureandevents.submittable.com/submit Information reviewed 22 October 2026. Before applying, check the current official deadlines, eligibility, fees and rights conditions.

The Brooklyn-based Data Through Design (DxD) annual exhibition has opened a call for its tenth-anniversary 2027 programme, exploring the evidence of time through public data. Installations, code-based art, participatory mapping, sound, performance and other multimedia proposals are welcome—but every submission must meaningfully reference at least one dataset from the NYC Open Data portal. The deadline is 15 November 2026, 11:59 p.m. Eastern time. A US$900 artist stipend is offered only to artists authorised to work in the United States. How the 2027 theme works The organisers invite works about time, memories, traces, changing urban patterns and data archives. A visual artist might reveal changes in city infrastructure through projected maps; a creative coder might make an interactive history of mobility or sanitation data; a sound designer might sonify public datasets. All these examples require a genuine connection to at least one NYC Open Data dataset, not just an abstract theme about information. Proposals should disclose other data sources and explain what audiences will learn or experience. Project submission and portfolio materials The official online application asks for the project idea, the relevant datasets, a description of how the work will use them, a portfolio with evidence of at least three prior projects, and a visual explanation for any interactive public participation. A successful proposal must be suitable for public presentation and have a realistic installation plan. The organisers have published a scoring rubric and historical exhibition archives that provide useful benchmarks. Applicants should describe equipment and safety needs precisely. Stipend and real production deadlines DxD offers US$900 per participating artist in two parts—before and after the show. The organiser explicitly warns that payment requires approval to work in the United States, so applicants without US work authorisation must not assume this sum is payable to them. Exhibition dates are tentatively 26 March to 11 April 2027. Work must be installation-ready by 19 March, with delivery to the Brooklyn venue around 22–24 March. Travel, fabrication and shipping may create extra costs beyond the stipend. About the organiser and the authoritative deadline Data Through Design has an archive of exhibitions since 2018 and works with NYC Open Data initiatives. The first-party 2027 page clearly names the 15 November 2026 deadline; a third-party listing has an inconsistent 'November 2027' metadata field, so rely on the organiser's own call. Use the official Airtable form linked from datathroughdesign.com and read the updated rubric before disclosing details or proposing a large work. Official organiser rules and application https://datathroughdesign.com/open-call-2027 Information reviewed 22 October 2026. Before applying, check the current official deadlines, eligibility, fees and rights conditions.